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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of precursor of gastrin‐releasing peptide(ProGRP) for the differen‐tial diagnosis between small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and efficacy assessment .Methods The levels of ProGRP were detected by ELISA in 210 healthy adults ,200 patients with lung benign disease ,260 patients with NSCLC and 182 patients with SCLC before treatment and after chemotherapy .Results The level of ProGRP in the SCLC group was significantly higher than that in the NSCLC group ,healthy control group and lung benign disease group(P<0 .01) .The sensi‐tivity of ProGRP for detecting SCLC was 56 .3% and the specificity was 92 .6% .When combination detection of ProGRP and NSE was used ,the sensitivity increased to 82 .6% ;the level of ProGRP in the patients with SCLC after 2‐cycle chemotherapy was signifi‐cantly lower than before treatment (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The tumor marker ProGRP has very important guidance significance to assisted diagnosis ,differential diagnosis and efficacy assessment of chemotherapy in the patients with SCLC .
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The latest studies have demonstrated that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), so it was a challenge for clinician to choose the patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic implications of angiogenesis and tumor blood vessel invasion (BVI) in stage I NSCLC patients who underwent complete resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eighteen stage I NSCLC patients undergoing complete resection from 1994-2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Angiogenesis was assessed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD), BVI was assessed by examining the direct invasion of tumor cells marked by CD34 within vessel lumen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Low VEGF expression was seen in 44 patients (37.3%), high VEGF expression was in 74 patients (62.7%). The MVD of high VEGF expression cases was much higher than that of low VEGF expression ones (33.4±17.8 vs 24.7±14.8, P=0.010). There was a positive correlation between VEGF and MVD (r=0.216, P=0.019). The 5-year survival rate in patients with high VEGF expression was much lower than in those with low VEGF expression (36.48% vs 72.20%, P=0.003). The BVI was present in 32 patients (27.1%) and absent in 86 patients (72.9%). The 5-year survival rate in patients with presence of BVI was much lower than those with absence of BVI (34.38% vs 60.47%, P=0.018). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that high VEGF expression and BVI were significantly independent predictive factors for overall survival. Finally, the presence of both risk factors, BVI and high VEGF expression was highly predictive of poor outcome (P= 0.001 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tumor vessel invasion and high VEGF expression are independent prognostic factors for overall survival of postoperative stage I NSCLC. The assessment of these factors may improve prognostic stratification for adjuvant therapy or a targeted and specific treatment in stage I NSCLC.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), a novel growth factor, has a widely expression in many normal cells and tumor cells. It plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis. It is considered as a promising marker for predicting the invasion, matastasis and prognosis of carcinomas in clinical researches. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of HDGF and its clinical implication in patients who undergone complete resection for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical technology was applied to detect the expression of HDGF in 118 lung cancer tissues and 30 normal lung tissues as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HDGF staining was observed in nuclear as well as in cytoplasm. HDGF positively staining was seen in all patients, and remarkably higher than that in normal lung tissues (52.23±10.35 vs 156.73±70.95, P < 0.01). Expresson of HDGF was closely related to histological classification, but not to other clinicopathological factors, and the expression of HDGF in adenocarcinoma was much stronger than that in squamous cancers (P=0.001). Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the patients with high HDGF expression had a shorter overall survival and HDGF was a significantly independent predictive factor for patients with stage I NSCLC (RR=1.011, P=0.002).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HDGF may be a promising predictive factor for stage I NSCLC, and the assessment of HDGF may provide new insight on carcinogenesis and development of stage I NSCLC .</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To summarize the operative indication, surgical technique and perioperative ma-nagement of resection and reconstruction of carina for advanced lung cancer involving the carina.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>There were 67 patients with lung cancer invaded the carina, right central lung cancer in 46 cases, peripheral lung cancer in 4 cases, involved superior vena cava (SVC) or with bilateral anonymous veins in 11 cases, left central lung cancer in 17 cases, respectively. Surgical procedure included carinal right pneumonectomy or lobectomy in 50 cases, concomitant replacement of SVC or with bilateral anonymous veins with vascular prosthesis in 11 cases, carinal left pneumonectomy in 17 cases. Follow-up was performed in long-term.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Perioperative death occured in 8 cases (11.94%), circulatory failure in 6 cases (8.96%), and respiratory failure in 2 cases (2.99%). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-survival rate was 77.21%, 48.23% and 32.54% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Complete resection and reconstruction of carina, SVC or bilateral anonymous veins combined with postoperatively multiple modality therapy can get good prognosis for the patients with advanced lung cancer.</p>